Abstract
In this study, SOD crystals, synthesised via a hydrothermal synthesis method, were used as solid catalyst to convert beef tallow oil (BTO) into biodiesel. Transesterification reaction was conducted at methanol-to-oil ratio of 7.5 : 1 using 3 wt. % SOD catalyst. Reaction conditions were varied as: mixing intensity (700-1250 rpm); catalyst particle size (200-300 A); reaction time (6-24 h); and reaction temperature (40-60°C). The physicochemical characterisation of the SOD catalyst was conducted using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 physisorption at 77 K (for textural property) and thermogravimetric analysis (for thermal stability). The FFA content of the BTO was 4.53%. Physicochemical characterisation shows that SOD crystals were synthesised. The reaction products analysed with a pre-calibrated gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) confirmed the influence of reaction process parameters on the yield of biodiesel leading to a highest FAME (fatty acid methyl ester) yield of 78.3% at agitation speed of 1000 rpm and catalyst particle size of 200 A. The reaction temperature and reaction time at this condition were 60°C and 24 h, respectively.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callMore From: Progress in Industrial Ecology, An International Journal
Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
