Abstract
The present paper reports fabrication of superior steel compact using nanostructured steel powder generated from industrial steel scrap. Extra low carbon and low carbon steel powders with size of submicron were generated from industrial waste by planetary milling for 5h. The milled powders are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and hardness. Finest particles are obtained after 3h of milling in both cases. In case of extra-low carbon steel, cold welding and agglomeration is observed after 5h of milling. However, in case of low carbon steel, no such phenomenon is visible after 5h of milling. The effect of ball to powder weight ratio (BPR) is studied using BPR of 12:1 and 6:1 for low carbon steel chips by milling for 3h. A higher yield of 94.29% is obtained when milling conducted at BPR 12:1 than 86.94% yield at BPR 6:1 after milling low carbon steel for 3h. Lower average particle size of 5–10μm is obtained when milling is carried out at BPR 12:1 than 15–20μm at BPR 6:1. In case of low carbon steel, % yield increases from 94.29% to 99.14% as milling time increases from 3 to 5h. Yttria free and 1wt% yttria dispersed both extra-low carbon and low carbon steel powders are cold compacted and conventionally sintered at 1100°C for 1h. Significant improvement in the hardness was achieved through addition of small amount of yttria with both the steel powder generated from the steel scrap.
Published Version
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