Abstract

This chapter describes waste stabilization pond (WSP) systems for wastewater treatment. WSP systems comprise a series of anaerobic and facultative ponds and sometimes maturation ponds. Rock filters can be used instead of matura- tion ponds and they can be aerated to remove ammonia and to improve biochemi- cal oxygen demand and suspended solids removals. Effluent quality is high, and properly designed and well maintained WSP systems produce effluents that can be safely used for both restricted and unrestricted crop irrigation.

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