WASP, Tregs, and food allergies — rare disease provides insight into a common problem

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Dysregulation of the type 2 immune system presents with various manifestations, including allergic inflammation, and has emerged as an alarming public health issue. The pathological mechanisms that underlie T helper type 2 cell-driven (Th2-driven) allergic diseases remain unclear. In particular, it is not completely understood how type 2 immunity is restricted in inflammatory responses. In this issue of the JCI, Lexmond et al. use Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome as a model disease and establish that the Wiskott-Aldrich gene product (WASP) serves an essential role in T regulatory cells to contain Th2 effector cell differentiation and prevent allergic sensitization to dietary antigens.