Warfarin-Triggered Renal Toxicity: A Biochemical and Histopathological Study

Abstract

Several alternative ways for dealing with rodents or correcting mouse damage have been passed down through the generations. Anticoagulant rodenticides were developed in the late 1940s, and they were a significant step forward in rodent management. In many locations, warfarin and its sodium counterpart are used to control rodents. Warfarin is a human drug that is used to treat blood clotting problems. These anticoagulants are administered as rodenticides in rats and mice, causing hemorrhaging and ultimately death. In this study, the acute oral warfarin of wild rats was determined. The effects of different doses of warfarin (¼ 27.5, 9 mg/kg.b.w and ½ 55, 18 mg/kg.b.w) on rat kidneys of males and females respectively, were examined. These effects included considerable elevation of kidney functions, remarkable raise in LPO level with a significant decrease in GSH, SOD, CAT, and NO activities. Concerning histopathological changes, there were changes in glomeruli and renal tubules represented by expanding in the lining epithelium of the renal tubules with vascular degeneration of the epithelial cells covering the tubules, throughout the inner cavities of tubules there were wide areas of necrosis and appearance of inflammatory cellular infiltration, lymphocytes, and monocytes in interstitial tissues. It was concluded that warfarin oral intake of wild rats produced clear dose-related renal toxicity with different pathological effects.