Abstract
To achieve device-free indoor localization without the active participation of the users, this paper presents WallSense, a device-free indoor localization system based on off-the-shelf Radio RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) equipment. The system deploys two orthogonal tag arrays in adjoining walls and uses the RSSI and phase information measured by RFID readers to localize the target. By differentiating the backscattered signal between adjacent tag pairs, WallSense is able to eliminate most undesirable factors and extract information directly related to the location of the target. By applying Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) with a novel weighted fitness function and combining the localization result of two orthogonal tag arrays, the system is able to localize the target with high accuracy. Experiments show that the system is able to localize human target with 0.24 m median error. Also, WallSense has low deployment overhead and do not require the users to carry any devices.
Highlights
A heated research topic, indoor localization has applications in health care [1,2], building automation [3], security [4], retail [5], entertainment [6], and assisted living [7,8]
The widely used outdoor positioning solution Global Positioning System (GPS) performs poorly indoors because the direct transmission path it requires is obstructed in indoor scenarios [9]
We present WallSense, a RFID-based device-free localization system built with Off-the-Shelf RFID readers and tags
Summary
A heated research topic, indoor localization has applications in health care [1,2], building automation [3], security [4], retail [5], entertainment [6], and assisted living [7,8]. The widely used outdoor positioning solution Global Positioning System (GPS) performs poorly indoors because the direct transmission path it requires is obstructed in indoor scenarios [9] This gives rise to a series of research papers on indoor localization techniques and test methods [10]. RF-based device-free localization methods, do not require line-of-sight, preserves privacy, and do not have to be in direct contact with the users [11,12]. This makes it ideal in areas such as intruder detection [18], fitness tracking, elderly monitoring and law enforcement such as rescue missions [19]
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