Vortex-bright soliton complexes in [formula omitted] rotating Bose–Einstein condensates

Abstract

We investigate a novel class of states associated with rotating bosonic F=2 Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs). In the cyclic phase with weak spin-exchange interaction, no vortex core is observed when rotation is considered. However, strong spin-exchange interaction can induce vortex-bright soliton complex, inside which the massive solitons locate within the cores of vortices. Anticlockwise current of the aforementioned excitation is obtained through analysing the particle current of every component. Furthermore, various axisymmetric vortex-bright soliton textures are excited via stronger density-density interaction. Remarkably, all of the vortex-bright soliton complexes rotate following the rotation rate, as in scalar condensates. Subsequently, upon sweeping density-density interaction and rotation frequency in numerical calculation, first-order phase transitions are generated when angular momentum changes discontinuously. With the aid of these findings, nontrivial topological excitations are investigated and a new gate is opened for manipulating topological phase transition in high-spin systems.