Abstract
AbstractThis chapter discusses the vortex formation during a rapid phase transition from the normal to superfluid state. The formation of topological defects in non-equilibrium phase transitions is a very generic phenomenon, called the phase ordering, which reflects the process of the establishment of the homogeneous order parameter state after quench. In cosmology this process is known as the Kibble–Zurek mechanism of formation of a network of cosmic strings when the cosmological phase transition is crossed in the expanding universe. In superfluid 3He-B, vortices are formed by neutron radiation. The decay products from the neutron absorption reaction generate ionization tracks, which cause heating in a small volume of 3He above the superfluid transition. Subsequently the heated bubble cools back below the transition temperature into the broken-symmetry state, and vortices are formed according to the Kibble–Zurek scenario. This chapter also discusses formation of vortices behind the propagating front of the second-order transition and due to instability of the non-topological vortex sheet.
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