Vortex-assisted surfactant-enhanced emulsification liquid–liquid microextraction for the determination of carbamates in juices by micellar electrokinetic chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

Abstract

A new method based on vortex-assisted surfactant-enhanced-emulsification liquid–liquid microextraction has been developed for the extraction of carbamate pesticides in juice samples prior to their determination by micellar electrokinetic chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. This sample treatment allowed the satisfactory extraction and the extract clean-up of 25 carbamates from different fruit and vegetal juices (banana, tomato, and peach). In this study, the addition of ammonium perfluorooctanoate in the aqueous sample in combination with vortex agitation, provided very clean extracts with short extraction times. Under optimized conditions, recoveries of the proposed method for these pesticides from fortified juice samples ranged from 81% to 104%, with relative standard deviations lower than 15%. Limits of quantification were between 2.3µgkg−1 and 4.7µgkg−1, showing the high sensitivity of this fast and simple method.