Abstract
Fabric phase sorptive extraction, an innovative integration of solid phase extraction and solid phase microextraction principles, has been combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the rapid extraction and determination of nineteen organochlorine pesticides in various fruit juices and water samples. FPSE consolidates the advanced features of sol-gel derived extraction sorbents with the rich surface chemistry of cellulose fabric substrate, which could extract the target analytes directly from the complex sample matrices, substantially simplifying the sample preparation operation. Important FPSE parameters, including sorbent chemistry, extraction time, stirring speed, type and volume of back-extraction solvent, and back-extraction time have been optimized. Calibration curves were obtained in a concentration range of 0.1–500 ng/mL. Under optimum conditions, limits of detection were obtained in a range of 0.007–0.032 ng/mL with satisfactory precision (RSD < 6%). The relative recoveries obtained by spiking organochlorine pesticides in water and selected juice samples were in the range of 91.56–99.83%. The sorbent sol-gel poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(propylene glycol)-poly(ethylene glycol) was applied for the extraction and preconcentration of organochlorine pesticides in aqueous and fruit juice samples prior to analysis with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results demonstrated that the present method is simple, rapid, and precise for the determination of organochlorine pesticides in aqueous samples.
Highlights
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), a sub-class of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), have been mass-produced since the 1940s and widely applied in agriculture worldwide as important insecticides because of their cheaper price
This paper demonstrates a simple, rapid and efficient FPSE method coupled with GC-MS that we have developed to analyze the amount of organochlorine pesticides in water and juice samples obtained from market
For multi-residual analysis, once the recovery value for each of the analyte is calculated, the FPSE sorbent, which provides the highest recovery values for most of the analytes, can be selected or two/three FPSE sorbent media, can be short-listed for method development and the best one can be selected from the experimental data
Summary
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), a sub-class of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), have been mass-produced since the 1940s and widely applied in agriculture worldwide as important insecticides because of their cheaper price. They gained popularity due to their effectiveness in controlling mosquitoes, controlling malaria and typhoid fever [1,2]. As OCPs have low water solubility and high lipid solubility, they accumulate in the environment and living organisms These persistent environmental pollutants are very hazardous, and due to their volatility are susceptible to long-range atmospheric transport [4,5]. Increasing concern regarding health safety issues has emphasized the need for detection of pesticides at trace levels in the drinking water and food as these have leached the soil and entered the food chain [11]
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