Abstract
In this paper, we present problems connected with voltage fluctuations in low-voltage networks caused by small PV sources installed in an LV network. For the purpose of analysis, high-resolution data gathered at the output of real PV sources for 4 months in 2 locations are used. Data are processed to analyze the impact of different network parameters on voltage fluctuations and voltage flicker. The resulting values of flicker and fluctuations are given so the assessment of the impact of PV sources can be made before the connection of new sources to the power grid. Moreover, the methodology of analysis is presented in detail so the impact of similar PV sources on voltage could be analyzed. Finally, general conclusions connected with measurement, analysis, and mitigation are given.
Highlights
Few studies related to voltage fluctuations in small PV installations draw attention to the existence of the problem and indicate the correlation between power plant power and fluctuations; no details are given
One needs to realize literature presents information from all over the flicker and fluctuations causedthat by prosumers world and, big differences may occur due to different cloud characteristics, one needs to realize that literature presents information from all over the world which are the main source of and, big differences may occur due to different cloud characteristics, which are the main source of PV power fluctuations
One needs to underline that in real cases, the differentiation of factors, which can be used to describe the voltage fluctuations, is difficult since many different sources of flicker accumulate over time
Summary
The literature contains interesting information connected with the modeling of clouds and their impact on PV plants, but the presented models are developed for relatively big energy sources above 1 MVA [8]. Few studies related to voltage fluctuations in small PV installations draw attention to the existence of the problem and indicate the correlation between power plant power and fluctuations; no details are given It is claimed in [9–12] that in general, the risk of voltage flicker is more likely in places with a high share of renewables. World and, big differences may occur due to different cloud characteristics, one needs to realize that literature presents information from all over the world which are the main source of power fluctuations.
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