Abstract
Plant-parasitic nematodes cause severe losses to crop production and economies all over the world. Bacillus aryabhattai MCCC 1K02966, a deep-sea bacterium, was obtained from the Southwest Indian Ocean and showed nematicidal and fumigant activities against Meloidogyne incognita in vitro. The nematicidal volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the fermentation broth of B. aryabhattai MCCC 1K02966 were investigated further using solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Four VOCs, namely, pentane, 1-butanol, methyl thioacetate, and dimethyl disulfide, were identified in the fermentation broth. Among these VOCs, methyl thioacetate exhibited multiple nematicidal activities, including contact nematicidal, fumigant, and repellent activities against M. incognita. Methyl thioacetate showed a significant contact nematicidal activity with 87.90% mortality at 0.01 mg/mL by 72 h, fumigant activity in mortality 91.10% at 1 mg/mL by 48 h, and repellent activity at 0.01–10 mg/mL. In addition, methyl thioacetate exhibited 80–100% egg-hatching inhibition on the 7th day over the range of 0.5 mg/mL to 5 mg/mL. These results showed that methyl thioacetate from MCCC 1K02966 control M. incognita with multiple nematicidal modes and can be used as a potential biological control agent.
Highlights
Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) cause a serious threat to a broad range of plants and agricultural crops all over the world [1]
B. aryabhattai MCCC 1K02966 was isolated at a water depth of 2700 m in the Southwest
The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by the fermentation broth of strain MCCC 1K02966 were analysed and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
Summary
Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) cause a serious threat to a broad range of plants and agricultural crops all over the world [1]. More than 4100 species of PPNs and more than 5500 species of host plants have been reported [2,3]. They can parasitize on almost every vascular plant [4]. With the improvement of food security and environmental protection requirements, highly toxic chemical nematicides are no longer in line with the sustainable development strategy of modern agriculture. Biological control has been shown economically and ecologically beneficial to reduce the losses caused by nematodes, and the microbial preparations with nematicidal activity and environmental friendliness have become the focus of nematode control. A number of studies have shown that Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Pasteurella have great potential in the control of PPNs [10,11,12]
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