Vitellogenin levels and others biomarkers show evidences of endocrine disruption in fish species from Iguaçu River - Southern Brazil

Abstract

The adverse effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on aquatic wildlife and human health represent a current issue of high public concern. Even so, they are still poorly studied in aquatic environments of South America. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of EDCs in five cascading reservoirs from the Iguaçu River, evaluating reproductive endpoints in three native fish species (Astyanax bifasciatus, Chrenicicla iguassuensis and Geophagus brasiliensis). Additionally, a polyclonal antiserum anti-vitellogenin from G. brasiliensis and a capture ELISA assay were developed for detection of estrogenic or anti-estrogenic activities in male and female fish, respectively. Vitellogenin (VTG) levels in male fish from the Iguacu River was observed, as well as decreased levels of vitellogenin and estradiol in the plasma of female fish. These findings were associated with immature gonads and lower gonadosomatic index in G. brasiliensis adult females from the Foz do Areia (FA) Reservoir. Additionally, both endemic species (Astyanax bifasciatus and Chrenicicla iguassuensis) displayed immature gonads and histological changes, such as degeneration of germ cells, in other studied reservoirs. The current results suggest that these reproductive responses may be associated with the bioavailability of EDCs in the Iguaçu River. These impacts are likely related to chemicals released by human activities, especially from sewage and industrial sources and agricultural production, detected in previous studies. Overall, the FA reservoir was potentially the most affected by chemicals with endocrine properties, and further studies are necessary to identify and quantify these chemicals.