Abstract
Vitamin D maintains calcium and phosphate homeostasis, is essential for bone development and maintenance, and also has non-skeletal effects [1]. Severe vitamin D deficiency causes rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults, while less severe vitamin D deficiency is associated with secondary hyperparathyroidism and increased bone turnover causing bone loss and fracture, especially in older populations [2]. Vitamin D deficiency has also been related to numerous diseases including diabetes and metabolic syndrome [3]. The obesity epidemic represents a public health concern worldwide and is associated with multiple comorbidities [4–7]. Vitamin D deficiency is also prevalent in many populations, including the obese [8–11]. Accumulating evidence shows that adiposity negatively influences vitamin D metabolism, storage, and action, and may influence the health risks associated with obesity. This chapter focuses on how obesity and body weight affect vitamin D metabolism and levels.
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