Abstract
Skeletal muscle, the largest organ in the human body, accounting for approximately 40% of body weight, plays important roles in exercise and energy expenditure. In the elderly, there is often a progressive decline in skeletal muscle mass and function, a condition known as sarcopenia, which can lead to bedridden conditions, wheelchair confinement as well as reducing the quality of life (QOL). In developed countries with aging populations, the prevention and management of sarcopenia are important for the improvement of health and life expectancy in these populations. Recently, vitamin D, a fat-soluble vitamin, has been attracting attention due to its importance in sarcopenia. This review will focus on the effects of vitamin D deficiency and supplementation on sarcopenia.
Highlights
Of body weight, plays important roles in exercise and energy expenditure
Evidence from nine prospective cohort studies has shown that people with a high skeletal muscle mass and a fast walking speed have greater longevity as they are less likely to suffer from sarcopenia [6]
The Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) has revised cutoff values for some diagnostic criteria: low muscle strength is defined as handgrip strength of
Summary
The term “sarcopenia” was first proposed by Rosenberg in 1989 and is derived from the Greek “sarx”, meaning flesh and “penia”, meaning loss [1,2]. Sarcopenia referred only to the loss of skeletal muscle mass with aging. In 2010, the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older. People (EWGSOP) defined sarcopenia as a syndrome characterized by the progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength with a risk of adverse outcomes such as physical disability, poor quality of life (QOL), and death [3]. Another definition by the International Working Group on Sarcopenia described sarcopenia as an age-associated loss of skeletal muscle mass and function [4]. Evidence from nine prospective cohort studies has shown that people with a high skeletal muscle mass and a fast walking speed have greater longevity as they are less likely to suffer from sarcopenia [6]
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