Abstract
Quality visual systems are so valuable to animals that their early evolution is closely connected to the first appearances of animals with complex body plans. Today’s invertebrates have eyes built on many fundamentally different optical designs; in many species, these eyes outperform those of vertebrates. Compound eyes are the most common and optically diverse and are the most highly developed in their color sense. Lens eyes reach their greatest development in cephalopods, in which they also provide excellent polarization vision. Invertebrate eyes are usually based on rhabdomeric photoreceptors, one of the two major evolutionary lineages of photoreceptor cells. Visual systems of invertebrates have been intensively studied not only for their biological properties but also as models for artificial visual systems.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
