Abstract
BackgroundTo evaluate functional visual parameters using photocromic and selective blue-violet light filtering spectacle lenses in patients affected by central or peripheral scotoma due to retinal diseases.Sixty patients were enrolled in this study: 30 patients affected by central scotoma, group 1, and 30 affected by peripheral scotoma, group 2.Black on White Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BW-BCVA), White on Black Best Corrected Visual Acuity (WB-BCVA), Mars Contrast Sensitivity (CS) and a Glare Test (GT) were performed to all patients.Test results with blue-violet filter, a short-pass yellow filter and with no filters were compared.ResultsAll scores from test results increased significantly with blue-violet filters for all patients.The mean BW-BCVA increased from 0.30 ± 0.20 to 0.36 ± 0.21 decimals in group 1 and from 0.44 ± 0.22 to 0.51 ± 0.23 decimals in group 2 (Mean ± SD, p < 0.0001 in both cases).The mean WB-BCVA increased from 0.31 ± 0.19 to 0.38 ± 0.23 decimals in group 1 and from 0.46 ± 0.20 to 0.56 ± 0.22 decimals in group 2 (Mean ± SD, p < 0.0001 in both cases).The letter count for the CS test increased from 26.7 ± 7.9 to 30.06 ± 7.8 in group 1 (Mean ± SD, p = 0.0005) and from 31.5 ± 7.6 to 33.72 ± 7.3 in group 2 (Mean ± SD, p = 0.031).GT was significantly reduced: the letter count increased from 20.93 ± 5.42 to 22.82 ± 4.93 in group 1 (Mean ± SD, p < 0.0001) and from 24.15 ± 5.5 to 25.97 ± 4.7 in group 2 (Mean ± SD, p < 0.0001).Higher scores were recorded with the Blue filter compared to Yellow filter in all tests (p < 0.05).No significant differences in any test results could be detected between the Yellow filter and the No filter condition.ConclusionsThe use of a combination of photocromic lens with a selective blue-violet light filter showed functional benefit in all evaluated patients.
Highlights
To evaluate functional visual parameters using photocromic and selective blue-violet light filtering spectacle lenses in patients affected by central or peripheral scotoma due to retinal diseases
The Glare Test (GT) was performed using the testing procedure offered by the MonPack 3 device (Metrovision, Lille, FR): briefly, the test was performed at 1 m distance with a + 1.00 spherical added to the best correction for distance; a letter chart was displayed on the screen, with letters at increasing distance form a bright light source directed toward the patient; the number of letters recognized by the patient was reported
For patients with central scotoma the mean BCVA increased from 0.30 ± 0.20 to 0.36 ± 0.21 decimals for black on white letters and from 0.31 ± 0.19 to 0.38 ± 0.23 decimals for white on black (Mean ± SD, p < 0.0001 in both cases)
Summary
To evaluate functional visual parameters using photocromic and selective blue-violet light filtering spectacle lenses in patients affected by central or peripheral scotoma due to retinal diseases. Some studies showed that, while longer blue wavelengths of the visible spectrum (465–495) are essential for circadian rhythm and a normal visual function [3,4,5], blue-violet light could cause an oxygendependent retinal injury acting on specific chromophores (by-products of visual cycle) [6, 7]. One of the main known sources of blue light is the sunlight (25–35% of the emitted spectrum), but an increasing contribution from indoor illumination has been recorded in the last 10 years. The widespread commercialization of high brightness light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have strongly changed indoor daily illumination [15]. White-light LED (the most common type of LED) have became the most important technology for smartphone screens [16], tablet backlighted displays and other commonly used devices
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