Vision, commerce and society in Geoffrey Hill's early poetry

Abstract

Since 1953, when Anthony Thwaite described Geoffrey Hill as a ‘runic visionary’ in the Oxford student magazine The Isis, the visionary has been a site of contestation for Hill and his critics. Tom Paulin's 1992 essay on Hill, ‘A Visionary Nationalist’, identified vision with an entrenched belief in ‘the magical transcendence of art’. While Paulin seems to have overlooked the fact that Hill's early poems subject this very belief to intense scrutiny, it can sometimes appear that their dense, hermetic forms are merely the despairing flip side of the transcendence they rebuke. In this paper, I suggest some ways to read the prosodic and thematic disposition of the mythical elements in Hill's early poetry, arguing that they constitute a complex, differential attitude towards the temporality of visionary thought. My argument draws on the notion of the speculative proposition as expounded by Gillian Rose, to explore how Hill inhabits the gulf between art's vision and the world of commerce and society. Through close readings of ‘Doctor Faustus’ and ‘Of Commerce and Society’, as well as Hill's early essay ‘The Poetry of Allen Tate’, the paper suggests that Hill's early poetry works towards an apprehension of society as productive content rather than repressed other.