Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate the visible-light-assisted photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensing of uric acid (UA) by using graphene oxide nanoribbons (GONRs) as PEC electrode materials. Specifically, GONRs with controlled properties were synthesized by the microwave-assisted exfoliation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes. For the detection of UA, GONRs were adopted to modify either a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) or a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Cyclic voltammetry analyses indicated that all Faradaic currents of UA oxidation on GONRs with different unzipping/exfoliating levels on SPCE increased by more than 20.0% under AM 1.5 irradiation. Among these, the GONRs synthesized under a microwave power of 200 W, namely GONR(200 W), exhibited the highest increase in Faradaic current. Notably, the GONR(200 W)/GCE electrodes revealed a remarkable elevation (~40.0%) of the Faradaic current when irradiated by light-emitting diode (LED) light sources under an intensity of illumination of 80 mW/cm2. Therefore, it is believed that our GONRs hold great potential for developing a novel platform for PEC biosensing.
Highlights
In recent years, nanocarbon materials, including graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), have been of great interest to the scientific community and have been widely investigated for various applications [1,2,3,4,5]
The ribbon powders were mixed with water, ethanol, and Nafion to form a suspension. 10 μL of the suspension was dropped onto either a screen-printed carbon electrode or a glassy carbon electrode, followed by vacuum drying, to prepare a working electrode
The widths of the graphene oxide nanoribbons (GONRs) were wider than the diameter of the MWCNTs
Summary
Nanocarbon materials, including graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), have been of great interest to the scientific community and have been widely investigated for various applications [1,2,3,4,5]. Semiconductor materials or earth-abundant catalysts have been studied for their photoelectrochemical (PEC) activities, such as energy conversion and water splitting, including hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction [6,7,8]. Detailed information on recently developed PEC biosensors that use a variety of photoactive materials and light sources is summarized in Table 1 [9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20]
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