Viscous dissipation effects on the axisymmetric flow of Casson rheological fluid in the core region of curved artery surrounded by [formula omitted]/[formula omitted] nanofluid

Abstract

Inspired by the blood flow in a curved artery, the heat transfer within the immiscible flow of Casson fluid (CF) as blood and plasma as nanofluid (NF) flow through a uniformly curved pipe is considered. The core region is filled with CF (non-Newtonian fluid), whereas the peripheral region is occupied with NF (Al2O3 water/γ-Al2O3 water). Viscous dissipation is also considered. The governing equations of the flow are solved analytically through perturbation series. The continuity of shear stresses and velocities at the interface with symmetric, regularity and no-slip conditions are considered. The effect of curvature ratio, blood thickness, Reynolds number, and concentration of nanomaterials in the peripheral region on heat transfer and axial velocity of both regions is investigated via contour and 2-dimensional plots. The streamlines are also presented for the variation of the above-mentioned parameters. The effect of nanomaterials concentration and curvature ratio are also studied on shear stresses. The results show that the axial velocity of immiscible fluids flow decreases with an increase in the concentration of nanomaterials. The number of velocity vortices decreases with an increase in the concentration of γ-Al2O3 nanomaterials in the peripheral region which leads to more controlled (laminar) flow. In real life, thinking about blood flow as a Casson fluid in the center and nanomaterials spread out around the edges can help researchers investigate flow patterns, shear stresses, and pressure distribution in curved arteries. It can help to analyze the development of diseases, i.e., aneurysms and atherosclerosis. Furthermore, the spread of nanomaterials in the surrounding area can be used as drug-delivery carriers in curved arteries.