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Abstract
When viruses infect cells, they almost invariably cause metabolic changes in the infected cell as well as in several host cell types that react to the infection. Such metabolic changes provide potential targets for therapeutic approaches that could reduce the impact of infection. Several examples are discussed in this review, which include effects on energy metabolism, glutaminolysis and fatty acid metabolism. The response of the immune system also involves metabolic changes and manipulating these may change the outcome of infection. This could include changing the status of herpesviruses infections from productive to latency. The consequences of viral infections which include coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), may also differ in patients with metabolic problems, such as diabetes mellitus (DM), obesity, and endocrine diseases. Nutrition status may also affect the pattern of events following viral infection and examples that impact on the pattern of human and experimental animal viral diseases and the mechanisms involved are discussed. Finally, we discuss the so far few published reports that have manipulated metabolic events in-vivo to change the outcome of virus infection. The topic is expected to expand in relevance as an approach used alone or in combination with other therapies to shape the nature of virus induced diseases.
Highlights
Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites and usually cause changes and often times death to cells that support their replication
We need new approaches to control virus infections and this review focusses on changing the metabolic events that occur during viral infections
We described how metabolic changes are set into play by different viral infections and point out that changing the metabolic environment might be one means of controlling if the virus host relationship is productive and tissue damaging or inapparent
Summary
Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites and usually cause changes and often times death to cells that support their replication. Accumulating evidence shows that the state of nutrition can influence the outcome of a viral infection by causing changes in one or more aspect of metabolism [6]. When disease lesions result from immune-inflammatory reactions to infected tissues, changing the metabolic environment that limits the function of inflammatory cell subsets may change the reaction from being highly tissue damaging to one that acts to resolve lesions [8]. In this brief review, we discuss evidence showing that manipulating metabolism can represent a useful approach to control the outcome of a virus infection
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