Abstract
The causal agent of the barley net blotch disease, Pyrenophora teres, is known for its high level of diversity due to sexual reproduction. Different pathotypes, defined by a virulence combination, even within the same fields are frequently found and virulence between locations can vary considerably. Evaluation of virulence patterns of a pathogen population is essential for breeding resistant cultivars suitable for specific locations. To identify virulence patterns in Icelandic Pyrenophora teres f. teres (Ptt) isolates, twenty single spore isolates of Ptt were collected from seven locations in Iceland and analysed with AFLP markers. Principle Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) revealed Icelandic Ptt isolates clustering away from reference isolates from Austria, Finland, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, and USA. Hierarchical clustering grouped the Icelandic isolates into three distinct groups. Furthermore, the virulence of these twenty isolates was tested on 16 barley differential lines and revealed high variation in their virulence. Twenty-one barley cultivars commonly used in Iceland showed high susceptibility towards inoculation with Icelandic Ptt isolates.
Highlights
Barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare) is an annual cereal grain of worldwide importance, both as food and feed (Ullrich 2011)
Group one was the least virulent with a mean score of 4.3 across all barley differentials and all eleven isolates belonging to this group (Fig. 1)
The 16 barley genotypes used for differentiating Icelandic P. teres isolates showed a high variation in their reactions towards inoculation with Pyrenophora teres f. teres (Ptt)
Summary
Barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare) is an annual cereal grain of worldwide importance, both as food and feed (Ullrich 2011). Vulgare) is an annual cereal grain of worldwide importance, both as food and feed (Ullrich 2011). In 2017, barley ranked fourth of cereal crops for area of cultivation and quantity produced, with 47 million hectares yielding 147 million metric tons, compared. Several pathogenic fungal species on barley have previously been reported in Iceland (Hallgrímsson and Eyjolfsdottir 2004; Stefansson and Hallsson 2011), but only Rhynchosporium commune Rhynchosporium graminicola) has so far been suggested to be of economic importance (Hermannsson 2004). This is despite considerable fungal diversity (Stefansson and Hallsson 2011) and high levels of genetic diversity within Icelandic populations of both R. commune and Pyrenophora teres (Stefansson et al 2012)
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