Abstract
BackgroundBanana bunchy top virus (BBTV) is a destructive viral disease in many countries including Egypt; it causes severe economic losses in banana crop. Recently, nanotechnology was used to generate resistance against plant viruses. The main purpose of this study was to use silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as antiviral agents against BBTV. In this research, three different concentrations of AgNPs (40, 50 and 60 ppm) were applied by foliar spray post-BBTV inoculation. In addition, photopigments, oxidative enzymes, proline and phenolic compounds were determined. Besides, Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers were used to evaluate the genotoxicity of AgNPs as antiviral factors against BBTV, compared with the control plants.ResultsIn the current study, it was observed that banana plants infected with BBTV and treated with 50 ppm AgNPs have not shown any external symptoms where the rate of infection was 36%. On the other hand, banana plants treated with 50 ppm AgNPs after viral infection gave a significant increase in dry weight and leaf area, compared with BBTV infected banana plants (viral control). Our study showed that 50 ppm AgNPs treatment post-virus inoculation induced non-significantly and significant changes in chlorophyll (a and b) and carotenoids, respectively, compared with healthy and nano-controls. In contrast, phenol, proline and oxidative enzymes were significantly increased in all plants treated with 50 ppm AgNPs post-virus inoculation, compared with the healthy control. Our findings observed that the banana plants sprayed with 50 ppm AgNPs after BBTV infection induced a few changes at the genomic DNA level in the banana plants, whereas both RAPD and SRAP markers scored nearly the same polymorphism 36.99 and 37.5%, respectively. So, genotoxicity induced by banana plants treated with 50 ppm AgNPs post-BBTV inoculation was low.ConclusionsIt is evident from the study results the role of AgNPs as a novel, safe and effective antiviral agent against BBTV. These results should be taken into consideration in future for the use of AgNPs for plant viruses management.
Highlights
Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) is a destructive viral disease in many countries including Egypt; it causes severe economic losses in banana crop
The reaction of BBTV strain with Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) concentrations on tested banana plants Banana plants were foliar-applied with three different concentrations of AgNPs after BBTV inoculation, the plants reacted with different systemic symptoms ranged from latent (50 ppm) to mild (40 and 60 ppm), compared with the viral control as are shown in Fig. 1 and Table 1
The rate of BBTV infection was 63, 35 and 45%, using 40, 50 and 60 ppm AgNPs, respectively (Table 1). These results were confirmed by DAS-ELISA using specific polyclonal antibodies for BBTV
Summary
Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) is a destructive viral disease in many countries including Egypt; it causes severe economic losses in banana crop. Nanomaterials of size ranging from 1 to 100 nm are predominately applied (Galdiero et al 2011) It has been observed the reaction between nanoparticles and the virus genome can be altered by modifying the nucleic acid that codes for the viral coat protein. Smaller sized nanomaterials enter the host cell and come in contact with the viral nucleic acid where they block the cellular agents and the viral vectors that aid in the replication of the virus They may get linked with the viral genome so that no polymerase activity happens, and no further generation of progeny viruses take place. Capping factors such as surfactants, polymers, and polysaccharides increase the efficiency of nanomaterials (Bryaskova et al 2011)
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