Virtual Reality Systems as an Orientation Aid for People Who Are Blind to Acquire New Spatial Information.

Orly Lahav

doi:10.3390/s22041307

Abstract

This research aims to examine the impact of virtual environments interface on the exploration process, construction of cognitive maps, and performance of orientation tasks in real spaces by users who are blind. The study compared interaction with identical spaces using different systems: BlindAid, Virtual Cane, and real space. These two virtual systems include user-interface action commands that convey unique abilities and activities to users who are blind and that operate only in these VR systems and not in real space (e.g., teleporting the user’s avatar or pointing at a virtual object to receive information). This research included 15 participants who are blind, divided into three groups: a control group and two experimental groups. Varied tasks (exploration and orientation) were used in two virtual environments and in real spaces, with both qualitative and quantitative methodologies. The results show that the participants were able to explore, construct a cognitive map, and perform orientation tasks. Participants in both virtual systems used these action commands during their exploration process: all participants used the teleport action command to move their avatar to the starting point and all Virtual Cane participants explored the environment mainly by using the look-around mode, which enabled them to collect spatial information in a way that influenced their ability to construct a cognitive map based on a map model.

Highlights

The BlindAid experimental group took an average of 00:19:43 min
The results show that 66% of the BlindAid participants used the teleport action command, all the participants used the additional auditory information action command, and only one participant chose to explore the complex virtual environments (VEs) without objects for the first half of her exploration duration
The previous research results showed that exploring VEs through the look-around model influenced the spatial ability of the participants to construct a cognitive map based on the map model

Summary

Introduction

People who are blind face deficits in the ability to navigate outdoor and new indoor spaces. The lack of the sense of sight makes it difficult to identify obstacles and locations independently, or to find a target path. People who are blind must use compensatory multisensorial (touch, audio, and olfactory) channels and alternative exploration methods [1]. Over the past 50 years, a large number of orientation and mobility (O&M) digital technologies have been developed and researched [2].

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