Virtual reality simulation in training and assessment of laparoscopic skills

Abstract

The objective of this paper is to describe the current status, advantages, and disadvantages of Virtual Reality simulators as tools for training and assessment of laparoscopic skills. This is a review of publications about Virtual Reality simulators in laparoscopic training and assessment. Information was obtained through author’s experience and by search of MEDLINE using the keywords Virtual Reality simulation, training, assessment and laparoscopic surgery. The references cited in these studies were reviewed to find out whether any other trials fitted the selection criteria. There are several validated Virtual Reality systems that allow the transfer of skills from the virtual environment to the operating room and objective assessment of operative skills in laparoscopic surgery. In conclusion, Virtual Reality simulators are valid and objective tools in surgical education. Several systems are currently considered sufficiently validated and ready to be implemented in comprehensive educational curricula in minimally invasive surgery.