Abstract
Cellular RNA decay machinery plays a vital role in regulating gene expression by altering the stability of mRNAs in response to external stresses, including viral infection. In the primary infection, viruses often conquer the host cell’s antiviral immune response by controlling the inherently cellular mRNA degradation machinery to facilitate viral gene expression and establish a successful infection. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the diverse strategies of viral-mediated regulatory RNA shutoff for pathogenesis, and particularly sheds a light on the mechanisms that viruses evolve to elude immune surveillance during infection.
Highlights
Many human diseases, including cancer, are related to the imbalance of gene expression. mRNA degradation plays a key role in the regulation of gene expression by counterbalancing the effects of transcription
MRNA decay is important for regulation of cellular gene expression
Degradation or altering cellular RNA metabolism. mRNA released from disassembled polysomes is sorted and remodeled at SGs; the accumulation of mRNA at SGs may be a consequence of both stress-induced translational arrest and virus-induced host shutoff, from which selected transcripts are delivered to PBs for degradation
Summary
Many human diseases, including cancer, are related to the imbalance of gene expression. mRNA degradation plays a key role in the regulation of gene expression by counterbalancing the effects of transcription. The cellular RNA decay machinery, including the mRNA deadenylation, decapping, and mRNA quality control (QC) pathways, controls the fate of RNA transcripts. Cellular RNA decay machinery plays a vital role in regulating gene expression by altering the stability of mRNAs in response to external stresses, including viral infection. Viruses completely rely on the host cell translation machinery, and use a variety of mechanisms (including inhibiting cap-dependent translation, transcription, and promoting host mRNA degradation) to dampen host gene expressions that are essential for viral replication. 2. Cellular mRNA Degradation Pathways mRNA decay plays a vital role in transcriptional regulation. 7-methylguanosine cap complex by the decapping complex DCP1/2 and its activators is triggered by the 0 exoribonuclease 1 (Xrn1) and the mRNA body is degraded by to thethe. SGs assemble or disassemble rapidly, which depends on whether stress is appeared or alleviated
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