Abstract
Publisher Summary This chapter describes the preparation, structure, and properties of different colloidal systems. The chapter reviews the connection among particular properties of disperse systems and the aggregate states of both the dispersed matter and dispersion medium. Among all disperse systems, the aerosols, in which the dispersion medium is a gas, are unique. These systems are principally lyophobic and their stabilization—by introduced surfactants—is ineffective. Aerosols also reveal some specific electric properties. In systems with liquid dispersion medium, that is, in foams, emulsions, sols, and suspensions, there is a broad variety of means to control colloid stability. In these systems, the nature of colloid stability depends to a great extent on the aggregate state of dispersed phase. Similar to aerosols, foams are lyophobic, but in contrast to them, foam can be effectively stabilized by surfactants. Properties of emulsions, and, to some extent, those of sols are quite close to the properties of thermodynamically stable lyophilic colloidal systems. In such systems, a high degree of stability may be achieved with the help of surfactants.
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