Abstract
Omnidirectional visual content has attracted the attention of customers in a variety of applications because it provides viewers with a realistic experience. Among the techniques that are used to construct omnidirectional media, a viewport rendering technique is one of the most important modules. That is because users can perceptually evaluate the quality of the omnidirectional service based on the quality of the viewport picture. To increase the perceptual quality of an omnidirectional service, we propose an efficient algorithm to render the viewport. In this study, we analyzed the distortions in the viewport picture to be the result of sampling. This is because the image data for the unit sphere in the omnidirectional visual system are non-uniformly sampled to provide the viewport picture in the conventional algorithms. We propose an advanced algorithm to construct the viewport picture, in which the viewport plane is constructed using a curved surface, whereas conventional methods use flat square surfaces. The curved surface makes the sampling interval more equally spaced than conventional techniques. The simulation results show that the proposed technique outperforms the conventional algorithms with respect to the objective quality based on the criteria of straightness, conformality, and subjective perceptual quality.
Highlights
Viewport Rendering Algorithm withOmnidirectional visual content has attracted more attention in the fields of gaming devices, remote lecturing systems, broadcasting, movies, and streaming services because it provides users with a more realistic experience than conventional techniques [1,2,3,4]
An omnidirectional visual system consists of a variety of core technologies, including those for picture capturing, stitching [8,9,10,11], bundle adjustment [12,13], blending [14,15], 360◦ image formatting [16,17], 360◦ image encoding [18,19], streaming 360◦ data [20], and viewport rendering [7]
Viewport rendering provides users with the final image frames and the users can evaluate the perceptual quality of the omnidirectional visual system based on the quality of the viewport picture (VP) [20,23,24]
Summary
Omnidirectional visual content has attracted more attention in the fields of gaming devices, remote lecturing systems, broadcasting, movies, and streaming services because it provides users with a more realistic experience than conventional techniques [1,2,3,4]. The stereo omnidirectional visual content gives viewers more realistic images and videos [21,22] Among these essential techniques, viewport rendering is one of the most important modules. Some algorithms bend the straight lines into curved lines in the VP, whereas other methods differently stretch objects in the vertical and horizontal directions. We consider the distortions in the VP to be the result of sampling because the image data on the unit sphere in the omnidirectional visual system are non-uniformly sampled to provide the VP for conventional algorithms. We propose an advanced algorithm to render the VP, where the viewport plane is constructed using a curved surface, whereas the conventional methods have used flat square surfaces.
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