Abstract
By leveraging the development of mobile communication technologies and due to the increased capabilities of mobile devices, mobile multimedia services have gained prominence for supporting high-quality video streaming services. In vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs), high-quality video streaming services are focused on providing safety and infotainment applications to vehicles on the roads. Video streaming data require elastic and continuous video packet distributions to vehicles to present interactive real-time views of meaningful scenarios on the road. However, the high mobility of vehicles is one of the fundamental and important challenging issues for video streaming services in VANETs. Nevertheless, previous studies neither dealt with suitable data caching for supporting the mobility of vehicles nor provided appropriate seamless packet forwarding for ensuring the quality of service (QoS) and quality of experience (QoE) of real-time video streaming services. To address this problem, this paper proposes a video packet distribution scheme named Clone, which integrates vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communications to disseminate video packets for video streaming services in VANETs. First, an indicator called current network quality information (CNQI) is defined to measure the feature of data forwarding of each node to its neighbor nodes in terms of data delivery ratio and delay. Based on the CNQI value of each node and the trajectory of the destination vehicle, access points called clones are selected to cache video data packets from data sources. Subsequently, packet distribution optimization is conducted to determine the number of video packets to cache in each clone. Finally, data delivery synchronization is established to support seamless streaming data delivery from a clone to the destination vehicle. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme achieves high-quality video streaming services in terms of QoS and QoE compared with existing schemes.
Highlights
With the rapid development of ad-hoc wireless communications and vehicular technologies, vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have enabled the delivery of data between vehicles on roads [1]
To overcome the problem of path failures due to the high mobility of vehicles in vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs), junction-based multipath source routing (JMSR) [20] exploits multiple paths and a backbone-assisted hop greedy (BAHG) method [21] exploits the best path based on the connectivity status
DTI [24] presents a data delivery and caching scheme using a rendezvous point between the trajectory of a destination vehicle and the routing path of the data based on the road map information
Summary
With the rapid development of ad-hoc wireless communications and vehicular technologies, vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have enabled the delivery of data between vehicles on roads [1]. Roadside units (RSUs) are basically installed near roads and act as relay nodes because of their static locations Both vehicles and RSUs can communicate with each other via the dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) technology [2] for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications [3,4]. Numerous studies have proposed protocols to deliver data to a vehicle in VANETs [13] They are broadly categorized into two approaches: topology-based [14] and position-based [15] routing. To achieve efficient data delivery by exploiting the mobility information of vehicles on roads, trajectory-based data forwarding (TBD) [22] and trajectory-based statistical forwarding (TSF) [23] propose trajectory-based V2I and infrastructure to vehicle (I2V) multi-hop routing protocols, respectively. DTI [24] presents a data delivery and caching scheme using a rendezvous point between the trajectory of a destination vehicle and the routing path of the data based on the road map information. Because the existing schemes [18–24] do not support an elastic and continuous video packet delivery to a destination vehicle, the mentioned protocols are not suitable for video streaming services in VANETs
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