Abstract
Vibrio cholerae is a noninvasive pathogen that colonizes the small intestine and produces cholera toxin, causing severe secretory diarrhea. Cholera results in long lasting immunity, and recent studies have improved our understanding of the antigenic repertoire of V. cholerae Interactions between the host, V. cholerae, and the intestinal microbiome are now recognized as factors which impact susceptibility to cholera and the ability to mount a successful immune response to vaccination. Here, we review recent data and corresponding models to describe immune responses to V. cholerae infection and explain how the host microbiome may impact the pathogenesis of V. cholerae In the ongoing battle against cholera, the intestinal microbiome represents a frontier for new approaches to intervention and prevention.
Highlights
Vibrio cholerae is a noninvasive pathogen that colonizes the small intestine and produces cholera toxin, causing severe secretory diarrhea
More than 200 serogroups of environmental V. cholerae are defined by their O-antigen structure [7], but only serogroup O1 is associated with pandemic cholera [8]
V. cholerae O139 resulted from a single horizontal gene exchange of the rfb (O-antigen encoding) locus in the circulating 7PET O1 strain [10]
Summary
Vibrio cholerae is a noninvasive pathogen that colonizes the small intestine and produces cholera toxin, causing severe secretory diarrhea. This is supported by the fact that circulating levels of CtxB-IgG antibodies and CtxB-specific memory B cells are not associated with protective immunity in household contacts of patients with cholera, nor in human challenge studies [51,52,53].
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