Pharmacoinformatics and molecular dynamics simulation approach to identify anti-diarrheal potentials of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. against Vibrio cholerae

Abstract

Vibrio cholerae, the etiological agent of cholera, causes dehydration and severe diarrhea with the production of cholera toxin. Due to the acquired antibiotic resistance, V. cholerae has drawn attention to the establishment of novel medications to counteract the virulence and viability of the pathogen. Centella asiatica is a medicinal herb native to Bangladesh that has a wide range of medicinal and ethnobotanical applications including anti-bacterial properties. In the present investigation, a total of 25 bioactive phytochemicals of C. asiatica have been screened virtually through molecular docking, ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity) analyses, and molecular dynamics simulation. Our results revealed four lead compounds as Viridiflorol (−8.7 Kcal/mol), Luteolin (−8.1 Kcal/mol), Quercetin (−8.0 Kcal/mol) and, Geranyl acetate (−7.1 Kcal/mol) against V. cholerae Toxin co-regulated pilus virulence regulatory protein (ToxT). All the lead compounds have been found to possess favorable pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamics, and molecular dynamics properties. Toxicity analysis revealed satisfactory results with no major side effects. Molecular dynamics simulation was performed for 100 ns that revealed noteworthy conformational stability and structural compactness for all the lead compounds, especially for Quercetin. Target class prediction unveiled enzymes in most of the cases and some experimental and investigational drugs were found as structurally similar analogs of the lead compounds. These findings could aid in the development of novel therapeutics targeting Cholera disease and we strongly recommend in vitro trials of our experimental findings. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma