Abstract

The vibrational modes of a modern copy of an ancient Chou dynasty bell have been studied by means of holographic interferometry and by scanning the sound field near the bell. The modes are compared to those observed in church bells, carillon bells, and handbells, as well as other ancient Chinese bells. Modes tend to occur in pairs, one with a node at the xian or spine, and one with an antinode there; the frequencies of the two doublet members differ by about 3% to 10%. Bells of this type emit two distinctly different notes, depending upon where they are struck.

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