Abstract
The mechanical quality factor Qm of a normal ferroelectric, piezoelectric ceramic vibrator decreases and heat is given off, when the vibrator is continuously driven at a high level of vibration-stress under a resonant mode. It has been thought that irreversible motions of ferroelectric non-180° domain walls cause this behavior. The effect of ferroelectric domain structure on the vibration-stress dependence of electromechanical characteristics was studied using relaxor ferroelectric electrostrictive (1-x)PbTiO3-xPb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (x=1.00, 0.95, 0.90) ceramics. The Qm for the paraelectric crystal phase composition at room temperature is about five times higher than that for hard lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and the decrease of Qm with vibration-stress is suppressed at high stress levels. The piezoelectric d31 constant is almost the same as that of hard PZT. Electrostrictive ceramics are therefore superior electromechanical vibrator materials for high power applications.
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