Vibration damping of a vertical axis wind turbine in operating conditions

Abstract

Distributed power generation technologies have been, over the years, gaining more and more attention from the industry as well as from the academia, due to the global interest in the exploitation of renewable energy sources even in urban areas. From this perspective, small size wind turbines, often with vertical axis layout and a nominal power between 1-3 kW, are being installed in urban areas on rooftops of residential, commercial, industrial buildings and even on metallic carpentry towers. As wind turbines tend to produce noise and vibrations, especially in presence of vortexes, wakes and unsteadiness, efficient devices for mitigating the vibrations transmitted to the supporting structure have to be added in order to limit the generation of stresses. Actually, the social acceptance of the installation of small wind turbines in built environment is tightly connected to the acoustic comfort for the inhabitants. The present study has been developed thanks to a joint collaboration between the Department of Engineering of the University of Perugia (Italy) and FH Technikum Wien (Austria) within the participation to the IEA Wind-Task 41: “Distributed Wind”. The work aims at mechanically characterizing the vibration damping provided by a mechanical device installed on the top of the turbine tower support. The decoupler, specifically designed for this purpose, has been tested in different conditions (in field and laboratory) and with different approaches, in order to have an overall evaluation of its performance. At first, vibrations are measured in open field in a real test case scenario with two installation arrangements: on the rooftop of a small building and on a tubular tower. Subsequently, the decoupler has been removed from its original location and tested in laboratory with external excitation from shaker.