Abstract
This study set out to investigate the biological activity of monomeric surfactants dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) and the next generation gemini surfactant hexamethylene-1,6-bis-(N,N-dimethyl-N-dodecylammonium bromide) (C6) against the environmental strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa PB_1. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined using the dilution method. The viability of the planktonic cells and biofilm was assessed using the plate count method. Enzymatic profile was determined using the API-ZYM system. Proteins were extracted from the biofilm and planktonic cells and analysed using SDS-PAGE. The MIC of the gemini surfactants was 70 times lower than that of its monomeric analogue. After 4 h of treatment at MIC (0.0145 mM for C6 and 1.013 mM for DTAB), the number of viable planktonic cells was reduce by less than 3 logarithm units. At the concentration ≥MIC, a reduction in the number of viable cells was observed in mature biofilms (p < 0.05). Treatment for 4 h with gemini surfactant at 20 MIC caused complete biofilm eradication. At sub-MIC, the concentration of some enzymes reduced and their protein profiles changed. The results of this study show that due to its superior antibacterial activity, gemini compound C6 can be applied as an effective microbiocide against P. aeruginosa in both planktonic and biofilm forms.
Highlights
Numerous microorganisms alternate between two models of growth: planktonic cells and biofilms.These organized communities of bacteria or microscopic fungi are able to grow on various surfaces, and are the main cause of many diseases
Jennings et al [16] obtained an Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) value of 0.004 mM for the same strain. These results are lower than those obtained for gemini surfactant C6 (12-6-12) at concentration of 0.0145 mM
The stage of our study investigated the ability of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) and C6 to eradicate 2-days biofilms formed on polypropylene
Summary
Numerous microorganisms alternate between two models of growth: planktonic cells and biofilms. These organized communities of bacteria or microscopic fungi are able to grow on various surfaces, and are the main cause of many diseases. Many bacteria can form biofilms on abiotic surfaces. These microorganisms are often responsible for biocorrosion and biofouling in diverse industry sectors. P. aeruginosa is associated with a wide range of infections, especially among immunocompromised patients after surgical operations. It can from biofilms on medical equipment such as catheters, stents or different implants [4]. The influence of the surfactants on enzymatic and protein profiles at sub-MIC was investigated, to the best of our knowledge for the first time
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