Abstract
Applications in smart cities are inseparable from the usage of three-dimensional (3D) building models. However, the cost of generating and constructing 3D building models with semantic information is high both in time and in labour. To solve this problem, we developed a web-based interactive system, VGI3D, with the ambition of becoming a VGI platform to collect 3D building models with semantic information by using the power of crowdsourcing. VGI3D is a platform-independent software program that is composed of a spatially relational database (PostgreSQL/PostGIS) for the storage and management of spatially geometrical data and other software modules, allowing users to import, analyse, reconstruct, visualise, modify and export 3D building models according to the OBJ/CityGML standard. In this paper, we present the VGI3D in detail, focusing on relevant technical implementations, and report the results of limited usability testing aimed at optimising the system and user experience. After limited expert and non-expert participants’ testing, we proved the usefulness of VGI3D and its promising value for the 3D modelling community.
Highlights
As the technology centre in Norway and the first big city to implement and test 5G communication in 2020, the Trondheim municipality is currently gearing up the construction of a smart city
This degree is between ‘moderately’ and ‘very’ and further verified our guess is correct. This could be interpreted as the novelty of our interactive VGI3D to the 3D building modelling community. almost all participants (28/30; 93.3%; rank over 4) thought our system was easy to use, with a mean rating of 4.00 and negative skewness
Most participants (24/30; 80%) reported the modelling results looked plausible by a mean rating of 3.83 and a lower quartile (Q1) value of 4.0, reflecting the fact that most participants highly appraised to VGI3D
Summary
As the technology centre in Norway and the first big city to implement and test 5G communication in 2020, the Trondheim municipality is currently gearing up the construction of a smart city. To meet the requirements of the abovementioned applications that require 3D building models with different LoDs, a few cities like New York and Berlin have created and freely released 3D city models based on the CityGML standard over the last decade. These 3D city models contain buildings and include streets, trees, bridges and even terrain. They are defined and presented as the respective real-world objects with respect to their geometrical, topological, sematic and appearance properties (Stadler et al 2009) Most of these 3D city building models are constructed in LoD1 or LoD2, and large-scale LoD3 models with semantic information are hardly available. That is the main motivation of this paper to generate 3D building models in LoD3 with semantic information
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
