Abstract
The integration of electrified vehicles (EVs) of any kind (electric or hybrid) into the power grid (VGI) has become necessary with the significant increase in the number of such vehicles. The charging of their batteries in the smart grid becomes “smart charging” where the charging level and charging duration are controlled by the grid operator so as not to affect the grid’s operational reliability. VGI now combines battery charging (G2V) with the bi-directional transfer of electricity stored in the EV battery, known generically as (V2G). VGI is rapidly gaining popularity because it offers both the EV owner / the company with a fleet of commercial EVs and the grid the possibility to use the energy stored in the EV battery for other purposes when the EV is not in use. This paper is an introduction to the analysis of the VGI system with direct application in the private and industrial economy.
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