Abstract
Grid integration of Electric Vehicles (EVs) and renewable generation are major operational challenges for System Operator (SO) due to their respective mobility behavior dynamics and intermittent behavior. To deal with these challenges, an EV Aggregator (EVA) can employ Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology to synergize grid integration of renewable energy resources (RESs) and EVs. EVA provides smart coordination between SO and EV owners providing grid support services through V2G charge/discharge scheduling of EVs. However, energy market prices uncertainties involved in market operation would significantly affect profit and behavior of EVA. Proposed work models an integrated DR and risk-aversive V2G scheduling of EVA for its expected profit maximization and effective utilization of photovoltaic (PV) generation from rooftop solar charging park incentivizing EV owners and flexibility enhancement to SO. Revenue of EVA is due to regulation and charging services to SO and EV owners respectively. The operational cost of EVA considers procurement cost of charging energy from wholesale electricity market and cost of battery degradation while ensuring EV owners’ driving requirements. The CVaR index is utilized for measuring EVA's risk. Results validate efficacy of proposed model and impact analysis of DR integration on electricity market operations of EVA through performance metrices.
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