Vertically Oriented 2D Layered Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Efficiency and Good Stability.

Abstract

Vertically oriented highly crystalline 2D layered (BA)2 (MA)n-1 Pbn I3n+1 (BA = CH3 (CH2 )3 NH3 , MA = CH3 NH3 , n = 3, 4) perovskite thin-films are fabricated with the aid of ammonium thiocyanate (NH4 SCN) additive through one-step spin-coating process. The humidity-stability of the film is certified by the almost unchanged X-ray diffraction patterns after exposed to humid atmosphere (Hr = 55 ± 5%) for 40 d. The photovoltaic devices with the structure of indium tin oxide(ITO)/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene-sulfonate)/(BA)2 (MA)n-1 Pbn I3n+1 (n = 3,4)/[6,6]-phenyl-C61 -butyric acid methyl ester/Bathocuproine/Ag are fabricated. The devices based on (BA)2 (MA)2 Pb3 I10 perovskite (n = 3) with the precursor composition of BAI:methylammonium iodide:PbI2 :NH4 SCN = 2:2:3:1 (by molar ratio) show an averaged power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.82%. In the case of (BA)2 (MA)3 Pb4 I13 (n = 4), a higher PCE of 8.79% is achieved. Both of the unsealed devices perform unique stability with almost unchanged PCE during the period of storage in purified N2 glove box. This work provides a simple and effective method to enhance the efficiency of the 2D perovskite solar cell.