Vertically aligned carbon fiber/polydimethylsiloxane composites prepared by lyophilization with exceptional thermal conductivity and electromagnetic interference shielding performance

Abstract

Composites with high thermal conductivity and exceptional electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding properties are crucial for ensuring the long-term stability of electronic devices. One-dimensional carbon fibers (CFs) stand out as promising materials due to their excellent thermal and electrical conductivity. However, the anisotropic nature of CFs limits the overall electrical and thermal conductivity of the composite, thus impeding its practical application. To address this limitation, we investigated the effect of different freezing methods on CF orientation using the ice template method. Subsequently, CF-150/PDMS and CF-250/PDMS composites with varying average lengths of CFs were prepared using the unidirectional freezing technique. We studied the influence of CF content and average length on the anisotropic thermal conductivity and EMI shielding properties of the composites. The CF-250/PDMS composite, with a CF content of 15.71 vol%, exhibits a remarkable thermal conductivity of 9.07 W·m−1·K−1 and a low thermal resistance of 2.61 °C·cm2‧W−1. The thermal conductive mechanism of CF/PDMS composites was simulated by thermal conduction model and finite element analysis. Furthermore, it demonstrates longitudinal electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) reaches up to 39.66 dB, while the transverse EMI SE reaches up to 52.55 dB. The vertically aligned CF/PDMS composites exhibit significant potential for a range of applications in thermal management and EMI shielding.