Abstract
in the intermediary and deep-burrowing species. They were superficially distributed at soil temperatures > 2-4?C (April-November). Juvenile deep-burrowers, especially small juveniles, were usually found more superficially than adults. This was probably due to the combined effect of poor burrowing ability, depth of hatching, and amount of food. The degree of exposure to predators is discussed. The surface-living species may be caught throughout the year, whereas adults of intermediary and deep-burrowing species are exposed to above-ground predators when they stay close to the soil surface and are highly active. Small juveniles of these species seem to be less exposed since they usually remain in the rhizosphere.
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