Vernalization requirement, photoperiod sensitivity, and yield of winter bread wheat varieties of Myronivka breeding

Abstract

Purpose. To determine the vernalization requirement, photoperiod sensitivity, and yield level of winter bread wheat varieties. Methods. The research was conducted in 2016–2018 in the field conditions and under control conditions of the Laboratory of Winter Wheat Breeding and the Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Physiology of the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat (MIW). For determining the vernalization requirement duration according to the guidelines (MIW, 2019), seeds were previously artificially vernalized (during 30, 40, 50 and 60 days) and sown in the field in spring. In order to establish photoperiodic sensitivity, the seeds were subjected to preliminary artificial vernalization for 60 days and sown in spring into pots in two variants. In the first version, the plants were grown under the natural photoperiod, and in the second version they were under the shortened photoperiod, when the plants were covered with a dark film box. Statistical processing of the data obtained was carried out by the method of B. A. Dospekhov, sowing wheat seeds and accounting yield was conducted in accordance with conventional methods. Results. The studies have shown that vernalization requirement duration for the most of new varieties of winter bread wheat (MIP Dniprianka, Hratsiia myronivska, MIP Assol, MIP Valensiia, MIP Kniazhna, Trudivnytsia myronivska) and the standard Podolianka was medium. The varieties MIP Kniazhna, Estafeta myronivska, Hratsiia myronivska, MIP Assol, Balada myronivska, Trudivnytsia myronivska, MIP Valensiia and the standard Podolianka have medium photoperiod sensitivity. In the variety MIP Dniprianka weak sensitivity was determined, and in the variety Myronivska slava it was strong. The standard Podolianka was significantly exceeded in yield with the varieties Estafeta myronivska, Hratsiia myronivska, MIP Assol, Trudivnytsia myronivska, and MIP Valensiia. Conclusions. The most of new winter bread wheat varieties of Myronivka breeding are characterized by medium photoperiod sensitivity and medium vernalization requirement duration, as well as high yield.