Abstract
The impact of biodegradation of textile wastewater using the microorganism Phoma sp. was assessed and verified. The resulting ecotoxicity of biodegraded wastewater on seeds of Sinapis alba was evaluated in accordance with the Methodological Instruction of the Ministry of the Environment of the Czech Republic for the evaluation of toxicity of waste and aqueous extracts (Decree 94/2016 Coll.). Wastewater from the textile industry produced in connection with wool dyeing was tested, the first sample (A) was taken immediately after the dyeing process, the second sample (B) was taken from the first rinse with 20% dilution. The biodegradation efficiency of textile wastewater was confirmed on the length of the tested plants’ seed roots. The root length of the sample 3A increased by 265.79 %, while 3B increased by more than 118 %, compared to the control sample. The obtained results indicate a significant impact of microbial biodegradation, with a direct effect on the length of the root of germinated seeds. Keywords: Ecotoxicity; Microorganisms; Textile industry; Wastewater. DOI 10.35180/gse-2020-0040
Highlights
The history of the textile industry in the Czech Republic dates back to the 18th century, when the first large-scale industrial plants for the processing of natural materials and dyes were established [1]
Residues of synthetic textile dyes, which remained in the tested sample of textile wastewater, caused significant morphological changes in the growth of Phoma sp., which was reflected in the growth of biofilm up to fibrous structures (Fig. 3)
The efficiency of biodegradation by a given microbial strain was primarily observed on the number of germinated seeds of Sinapis alba (Fig. 4) and at different root lengths compared to control samples (Fig. 5)
Summary
The history of the textile industry in the Czech Republic dates back to the 18th century, when the first large-scale industrial plants for the processing of natural materials and dyes were established [1]. A major problem of synthetic textile dyes is the presence of heavy metals and synthetic chemicals with possible toxic effects on aquatic ecosystems. Wastewater from the wool textile industry is characterized by the content of organic and inorganic pollution, organic pollution comes from lanolin residues, pollution of inorganic origin is from metal-complex dyes, which are most often used when dyeing wool due to their high affinity for natural fibres [3]. Several studies have already demonstrated the positive effect of biodegradation of textile wastewater by various types of microorganisms [3, 4]. Microorganisms show the ability to adsorb heavy metals into cellular structures and metabolize them, at the same time they can reduce water toxicity by biodegradation mechanisms [5]
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