Abstract
My view about verification has developed over many years.1 I hope that I have made progress along the route. I regard verification machinery, especially of the kind covered under the rubric of ‘national technical means’, as not being artifacts of nature. We are not operating the first four moons of Jupiter over the Soviet Union. Instead, we are operating man-made gadgets, and the other NTMs on the ground, as they were in Iran and Turkey, are also man-made gadgets. The other side knows about them. A bastardised Heisenberg’s principle, which argues that there is interaction between the observer and the observed, is at work here. We are not picking up independent facts, just because we are exceptionally clever, have so much money, so much time, such good luck, and all that; there is interaction, there is feedback.
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