Ventilatory support of patients with respiratory failure.

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Mechanical ventilation in the ICU provides oxygenation, ventilation, and decreased work of breathing for patients with respiratory failure. Prior to the 1970s, the ventilator functioned independently of the patient. Ventilators developed over the past 20 years allow for improved patient-ventilator interaction, fewer complications, and alternative forms of gas transport. These and the use of gas permeable membranes have added significant new dimensions to respiratory care in the ICU. The ultimate goal is to utilize our expanding knowledge base and improved technology to decrease morbidity and mortality due to respiratory failure.