Ventajas y límites de la variabilidad morfofisiológica para el establecimiento, la colonización y la expansión del bivalvo invasor Limnoperna fortunei en Sudamérica

Abstract

Phenotypic variability, both based on phenotypic plasticity and genetic diversity, can be a main factor affecting the invasion process of alien species. Limnoperna fortunei (Dunker 1857) was introduced in South America around 1990, in the Río de la Plata estuary, Argentina, from where it spread swiftly to cover most of the basin and other smaller watersheds. However, some environments have not been colonized and, presumably, the survival of this species was affected by different environmental factors such as suspended solids, salinity, and pollution. L. fortunei showed high genetic and morphological variability, showing a distribution strongly affected by human activities and its dispersal vectors. The degree of phenotypic variability would be playing a main role in its establishment, or not, in the different environments. Morphological and metabolic variations, including changes in the growth rate, development of internal organs or changes in the rate of filtration and respiration in border areas of its distribution or under extreme environmental conditions, would allow to explain, together with other variables such as the presence of dispersal vectors, the current distribution pattern.