Venovenous Single Lumen Cannula Extracorporeal Lung Support in Neonates

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The authors have developed a venovenous extracorporeal lung support technique with an original single lumen cannula to avoid the carotid ligation of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). During a 5 year period, the authors have used the technique in 107 neonates (weight: 3.045 +/- 0.6 1 kg; gestational age: 38.1 +/- 2.2 weeks). All of the neonates had severe respiratory failure despite maximal conventional treatment and the same indications as those for ECMO. The venovenous technique associates extracorporeal CO2 removal and apneic oxygenation. The system includes a single lumen cannula, an alternating clamp that generates a tidal flow, and an original non-occlusive roller pump that avoids the use of a venous bladder. The PaCO2 was normal (34.6 +/- 3.9 mmHg) with a blood flow of 40-50% of the total cardiac output. Under apneic oxygenation, PaO2 improved rapidly, allowing a decrease in FiO2 and mean airway pressure, minimizing barotrauma. The mean duration of bypass was 117.8 +/- 83.9 hr, and 91 of the 107 (85%) neonates were weaned from AREC. The technical complications were less important than those associated with venoarterial ECMO. The authors conclude that AREC is as effective as venoarterial ECMO and is easier to use.