Venolymphatic Malformation over the Left Elbow and Left Breast: A Rare Case Report

Abstract

Venolymphatic malformations occur due to dysplasia of lymphatic and venous vessel structures. These tumour-like lesions cause tissue abnormality with impaired function and have aesthetic importance when involving the craniofacial region. Vascular lesions are classified as haemangiomas and other vascular malformations. They are named after the vessels involved in malformation like arterial, venous, lymphatic, or mixed types. Present study represents a rare case report of a 23-year-old patient who presented to our hospital with swelling over the left elbow and a lump over the left breast, which was diagnosed as venolymphatic malformation involving the left breast and left elbow joint, which is an unusually affected anatomical region by this congenital anomaly. Ultrasonography (USG), the primary tool for diagnosis, was performed. Later, the patient underwent Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for confirmation and to determine the extent of the lesion. Excision of the lesion was done over left elbow completely with a wide margin. Histopathology confirmed the final diagnosis. Venous malformations (VM) are the most common among these congenital malformations, with an incidence of over 50%. Lymphatic malformations (LM) have a much lower incidence than venous malformations, but the combination of venous and LM has a very low incidence.