Velázquez as Reader and the Pictor Doctus in Early Modern Spanish Art

Abstract

Introduction DIEGO Velazquez (1599–1660) is generally regarded as the greatest painter of seventeenth-century Spain. He is celebrated for elevating the status of art to an honorable endeavor and that of the artist to a nobleman as seen in his extraordinary self-portrait, Las Meninas ( The Maids of Honor ; fig. 1). While the cultural contexts of Velazquez's formative years in Seville and mature career at Philip IV's court in Madrid have been the subjects of important publications, many questions remain to be addressed about Velazquez's intellectual life. Published documents relating to Velazquez's later years in Madrid primarily pertain to his handling of the logistics of the court in his administrative capacity as aposentador (or court chamberlain) and tell scholars very little about the painter's views on art. The prevailing image of Velazquez in the art historical literature is that of a painter and courtier, whose social climbing paradoxically curtailed his artistic production. Velazquez's persona as a reader and thinker, however, warrants fuller discussion. Cultural historian Jose Antonio Maravall placed Velazquez in the intellectual world of the seventeenth century but without much regard to how the artist's style reflected his complex ideas. In reconsidering the erudite aspects of Velazquez's art, the inventory of his library is perhaps the sole document that concretely identifies the varied printed sources that shaped his ideas. On August 18, 1660, twelve days after the artist's death, the Madrilean notary Juan de Burgos drew up an inventory at the request of the nobleman and secretary of the treasury Gaspar de Fuensalida and the painter Juan Bautista Martinez del Mazo, Velazquez's son-in-law. These books were among the possessions that Velazquez kept in his apartment in the Casa del Tesoro within the royal complex of the Alcazar, the interior of which is represented in del Mazo's family portrait, The Artist's Family (1659–60; Oil on canvas, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna). Currently housed in the Archivo Historico de Protocolos in Madrid, the actual inventory of Velazquez's library was first located by Francisco Marin, an archivist at the Biblioteca Nacional de Madrid, who presented his findings during a lecture on Velazquez's mentor, Francisco Pacheco. Thereafter, it was published in 1925 by art historian Francisco Javier Sanchez Canton.