Abstract
Penning trap has electric field created by DC voltage applied between ring and end cap electrodes and magnetic field is applied along symmetry axis, as the electric field confines ions in the axial direction through an electric potential minimum and the magnetic field confines the ions in the radial direction. The trapping potential created by the DC voltage applied between the end cap and ring electrodes in the low temperature limit is cancelled by Coulomb interaction of ions and the total energy is mainly kinetic energy of ions. The velocity distribution of 43Ca+ ions along axial direction, in radial plane and total velocity distribution due to resulting motion of both axial and radial motion of ions in low temperature limit in a Quadrupole Penning trap are presented here. These results reveal the properties of 43Ca+ ion cloud and are useful to study confining techniques for different types of ions in low temperature limit and a qubit can be encoded in the hyperfine ground states of 43Ca+ isotope for ion trap quantum computation.
Highlights
Penning trap has electric field created by DC voltage applied between ring and end cap electrodes and magnetic field is applied along symmetry axis, as the electric field confines ions in the axial direction through an electric potential minimum and the magnetic field confines the ions in the radial direction
43Ca+ ion has only one valence electron and has simple energy level structure, has long-lived D-states, it can be used for quantum computation [1, 2, 3], for building an ion clock [4] and for laser cooling
The large fine-structure splitting of ∆νFS = 6.7T Hz between the P1/2 and P3/2 states in 43Ca+ion as shown in Figure 1 allows a large detuning of the Raman light fields from the P− levels and high fidelity gate operations, as spontaneous emission processes are largely suppressed, which is requirement for ion trap quantum computation
Summary
The Lorenz force in an electromagnetic field with an electric field E and magnetic field B on 43Ca+ion of mass m, charge q, moving with a velocity v is given by [8]. The axial, pure cyclotron, reduced cyclotron and magnetron frequencies of 43Ca+ion are given respectively by [9, 10, 11]. The velocities of 43Ca+ion in the axial direction, radial plane and in space are vz =. Where ωφ is the rotational frequency of 43Ca+ion cloud as a whole determined by the temperature of the ion cloud. The Energy of single 43Ca+ion is [12]. Velocity distribution of 43Ca+ ion cloud at the low temperature limit In a Penning trap 43Ca+ ions are confined in the low temperature limit when the electrostatic potential energy [12]
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